Predictors of physical and mental health in hospital nurses within the People's Republic of China

REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Prior research has suggested that nurses contend with a variety of workplace stressors and personal factors that can contribute either positively or negatively to their physical and mental health. However, limited research in this area has been conducted on nurses within China. AIM: The study sought to determine in Chinese hospital nurses: (a) the most common workplace stressors, (b) the most frequently used ways of coping with stress, and (c) which combination of variables (workplace stressors, ways of coping, psychological hardiness and demographic characteristics) was the best predictor of both physical health and mental health. METHODS: The subjects were 480 nurses working in a variety of clinical settings, within five hospitals, located in three major mainland Chinese cities. A survey design was implemented using five self-report instruments. RESULTS: Workplace stressors most frequently identified were workload and dealing with death and dying. Ways of coping most often cited were positive reappraisal, self-control and planful problem solving. The best predictors of physical health were psychological hardiness, conflict with other nurses, uncertainty about patient treatment, seeking social support and confrontive coping. The best predictors of mental health were psychological hardiness, conflict with other nurses, workload, seeking social support, age, likelihood to leave nursing within the next 12 months and escape-avoidance coping. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest areas of concern that need to be addressed, by both hospital and nursing administration, in order to establish a positive and productive work environment for Chinese nurses.     

影响急诊科护士健康状况的社会心理因素

目的研究工作压力、社会支持、应对方式、自尊在维护急诊科护士健康状况中的作用.方法采用整群抽样方法,用自测健康评定量表、护士工作压力量表、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷、自尊量表调查了北京市10家三级甲等综合性医院急诊科的407名护士.结果多元逐步回归分析表明,工作压力是生理健康的最强预测指标,可以解释8.6%生理健康的变异;工作压力和自尊分别可以解释15.7%和8.5%心理健康的变异;对支持的利用度和自尊可以解释13.9%和5.3%社会健康的变异.结论工作压力对急诊科护士健康状况影响最大;社会支持中对支持的利用度对社会健康的保护作用最强;自尊在维护健康中起着重要的作用,主要保护心理健康和社会健康.     

乳腺癌患者围术期人格特质及医学应对方式的临床研究

目的探讨不同人格特质的乳腺癌患者手术前后采取应对方式的特点,为临床心理护理提供理论依据。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)分别对84例乳腺癌患者的人格特质和应对方式进行测评和分析。结果本组患者手术前后人格特点表现内向、情绪较稳定,术前以“回避”应对方式为主,术后以“面对”应对方式为主,但“屈服”应对方式分值一直处于中等水平,相关分析发现“面对”与EPQ-E呈正相关,而与EPQ-N无相关性,“回避”与EPQ-E、N均无相关性,“屈服”与EPQ-E呈负相关,与EPQ-N呈正相关。结论乳腺癌患者围术期采取的应对方式受人格因素影响,应根据其特点制定相应护理策略。     

Pain coping profiles in adolescents with chronic pain

This study sought to evaluate the extent to which the pain coping profiles observed by Walker and colleagues in a sample of patients with chronic abdominal pain also were evident in a sample of adolescent patients who presented to a tertiary care clinic for evaluation of a variety of diverse pain conditions. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the relation of these pain coping profiles to patients' emotional and physical functioning. Participants (n=254) were adolescent patients aged 12-17 years. Patients completed the Pain Response Inventory (PRI) as well as measures of pain, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and functional disability. Using the PRI classification algorithm developed by Walker and colleagues, we successfully classified all the patients in our sample. We also found that the pain coping profiles successfully differentiated among patients with different levels of symptoms, disability, and emotional distress, further demonstrating the external validity of these profiles. Results have implications for tailoring pain treatment interventions to patients' particular coping profiles.     

安徽省护理专科学生应对方式与焦虑的相关性分析

目的：了解护理专科学生的应对方式与焦虑的相关性。方法采用整群抽样方法,对820名护理专科学生进行简易应对方式问卷和Zung焦虑自评量表的测评。结果学生焦虑平均得分为(47．98±9．95)分,其中焦虑得分≥50分的调查对象所占的比例为34．4%。不同民族学生的积极应对方式与消极应对方式差异有统计学意义( P<0．05);焦虑得分与积极应对方式呈负相关(r=-0．153,P<0．01),且与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0．232,P<0．01)。结论护理专科学生的焦虑状况与应对方式密切相关,对大学生开展针对性的应对方式训练,能改善大学生焦虑的现象。     

Children's online coping strategies: Rethinking coping typologies in a risk-specific approach

Understanding how children deal with problematic situations online is helpful in developing efficient awareness raising and online resilience building initiatives. In this article, we will discuss and develop typologies for online coping strategies. In a school survey, 2046 Flemish children aged 10–16 were asked about how they (would) respond when confronted with different types of online risks. Using principal component analyses and multi-dimensional scaling, we identified different types of cross-risk and risk-specific coping strategies, and explored which types of coping have similar underlying meanings. The results suggest to distinguish behavioral avoidance tactics from mere passive responses or indifference. Young people tend to perceive online coping strategies along two dimensions: engagement versus disengagement and technical versus non-technical measures. Behavioral avoidance is popular among younger children and is associated with a medium level of active engagement and often combined with communicative approaches. Girls are more communicative and respond more proactively.     

颅脑手术患者家属疾病不确定感与应对方式的调查分析

目的分析颅脑手术患者家属的疾病不确定感和应对方式水平,分析两者之间的关系。方法采用一般资料调查表、Mishel疾病不确定感家属量表和简易应对方式问卷对便利抽取的200名家属进行调查。结果家属疾病不确定感总分为(96.72±10.36)分,计算条目平均分后发现,得分最高的是"不明确性",其次是"不可预测性"、"信息缺乏"和"复杂性"。家属的应对方式、积极应对分量表和消极应对分量表的条目平均分分别为(1.62±0.48)分、(1.86±0.82)分、(1.25±0.51)分。疾病不确定感总分及各维度得分均与积极应对呈负相关,复杂性维度和信息缺乏维度与消极应对呈正相关。结论颅脑手术患者家属的疾病不确定感水平较高,应对方式水平有待进一步提高,积极的应对方式可以降低其疾病不确定感。     

大学生应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系

目的:探讨应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系。方法:采用简易应对方式问卷、大学生学习倦怠问卷、学生版拖延评估量表对331名大学生的应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延情况进行测量。结果:1大学生应对方式积极,学习倦怠得分处于中等水平并存在一定程度的学业拖延;2消极应对与学习倦怠(r=0.234,P<0.01)、学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.200,P<0.01),学习倦怠与学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.366,P<0.01);3中介检验发现,学习倦怠在消极应对方式与学业拖延之间起部分中介的作用,中介效应占总效应的42.38%。结论:学生的应对方式越消极,学习倦怠程度越高,进而导致学业拖延程度加深。     

网络成瘾青少年家庭环境与应对方式的相关性

目的:探讨网络成瘾青少年的家庭环境模式、应对方式特征及家庭环境因素对应对方式的影响。方法:采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)评估35例网络青少年(研究组)及35例正常青少年(对照组)的家庭环境及应对方式。结果:1研究组在亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、控制性等六项评分值均显著低于对照组(t=-2.883,-3.682,-2.402,-2.514,-3.220,-2.414;P<0.01或0.05),矛盾评分值显著高于对照组(t=2.104,P<0.05);2研究组的解决问题、求助两项的因子评分值显著低于对照组(t=-3.063,-3.801;P<0.01),自责、幻想及逃避3项的因子评分值显著高于对照组(t=2.839,3.092,3.354;P<0.01);3研究组亲密度评分与解决问题和求助两因子评分均呈正相关(r=0.461,P<0.01;r=0.394,P<0.05),与自责、幻想、逃避及合理化4项因子评分均呈负相关(r=-0.340,-0358,-0.406;P<0.05;r=-0.478,P<0.01);情感表达评分与解决问题、求助两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.335,0.405;P<0.05),与幻想、逃避评分均呈负相关(r=-0.450,P<0.01;r=-0.418,P<0.05);矛盾性评分与幻想、逃避两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.357,0.354;P<0.05),与解决问题和求助两项评分均呈负相关(r=-0.386,-0.361;P<0.05);娱乐性评分与解决问题和求助两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.490,P<0.01;r=0.381,P<0.05),与幻想、逃避、合理化评分均呈负相关(r=-0.436,P<0.01;r=-0.352,-0.378;P<0.05)。结论:网络成瘾青少年的家庭环境模式与其采用不良的应对方式可能存在显著相关性。     

Preparation for future care needs: Styles of preparation used by older Eastern German, United States, and Canadian women

Many older persons have chronic conditions and limitations intheir everyday functioning. While some individuals prepare fortheir future care needs, many others do not. Usingsemi-structured, qualitative interviews, discourse about dealingwith the risk for needing help or care in the future wasinvestigated in 23 East German, 10 U.S., and 12 Canadian elderlycommunity-dwelling women (65 years). Eighty percent hadthought about future care needs; 64% had made general plans fortheir future care. Four preparation styles were identified inthe three social-structural contexts: Avoidance of preparation,thinking without planning, short-term planning, and long-termplanning. Individuals using these styles differed in theirsubjective assessment of preparation as well as in objectivepersonal conditions. More similarities than differences werefound between German, U.S. and Canadian women in the use of thesestyles. Results suggest that limited resources, systeminstability, and personal characteristics contribute to thechoice of planning style.